Lately the earth's capacity to tolerate exploitation and absorb solid wastes disposal has diminished due to excess trashing. People dispose of lots of stuff, and simply do not care. Therefore scientists discovered a way to reuse things in a process was called "recycling". This new approach seemed quite successful in the beginning, until its true identity appeared. Recycling first started as man's best friend; people were intrigued by this new phenomenon. What could be better than using things that were already used? Recycling has been very useful especially that man is constantly consuming, burning up, wearing out, replacing, and disposing at an alarming rate. However, unfortunately recycling has proven that it is quite costly. Although recycling of wa

Manufacturing and marketing is the second phase in this process. In order to build the factories that do the recycling operation, the most important thing we must have is the capital. Building these factories is quite expensive plus it takes time because the latest technology must be applied there. According to Consumer Reports, when garbage is sorted it is sent to factories to be put in industry. These factories, usually designed for producing from raw material, need "retooling" so as to use recycled material; which is very expensive. For example Union Carbide Inc., one of the nations major supplies of plastic, had to spend 10 million dollars on building a factory that would recycle plastic bottles it had produced. Therefore to retool a factory to make it compatible with the demands of recycling means machines in an old factory must be replaced with new ones and this is costly. For some reason all the machinery in a recycling firm tend to ware out so fast, it is due to the interaction of these materials. So what has to be done now is buy new machines for these firms ever time they ware out and that's not cheap!

As for the sorting process it entails lots of manpower and tools, both of which are very expensive. The material cannot simply be all fed into one big machine and then "boom" we have recycled material. No, every kind of material must be put alone then fed into big recycling machines. This process of separation or sorting costs money. Manufacturers have to hire laborers to sort out glass from aluminum from cardboard from tin and so on. According to Consumer Reports, the sorting equipment and the manpower involved in the process are a big investment. It is important to know that this process of collecting and sorting is particularly expensive in developed countries where sophisticated tools are used where manpower is rather limited and expensive. However, in developing countries like Egypt, the process of collecting and sorting are rather primitive and is carried out by the "Zabaleen " or a second-hand car. This makes it less expensive than in developed countries.

If marketing of recycled products is not economically worthwhile, then the whole process of recycling cannot be economically efficient. Manufacturers cannot be motivated to recycle if their recycled products are not demanded. "We have got to be realistic about some things," said Jerry Allison (of Consumer Reports), "we set goals with certain economies in mind, we no longer have those economies, so we have got to revisit these goals." What led most of the economists to look for a substitute for recycling is the inconsistent quality of the products. The products of recycling are not as good as the original ones, thus leading consumers to look for a substitute. This inconsistency is due to improper sorting of material. People are expected to have a separate container for each thing that is recycled. When people mess around and misplace things this is due to either untrained employee, who do not differentiate between the recyclable, or careless dumping. Careless dumping could be a result of unconcern of the people. A major portion the recycled products are contaminated as well. Different kinds of paper or differently used aluminum cans when mixed together to be recycled do not produce the quality product that

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