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As industry was booming in the United States of America, many people from Europe decided to leave their homes and families to try and make their fortune in America. This massive immigration into the United States led to an abundance of cheap, unskilled labor in which the industries could take advantage. Many immigrants found themselves working in a very dangerous job, and living in poverty. The hardships the immigrants faced were various. These adversities included finding employment, finding decent housing and avoiding destitution.

One of the biggest problems that immigrants faced was finding work. According to a graph found in America's History Volume 2: Since 1865 the number of immigrants from southeastern Europe increased from fifty thousand in 1880 to nearly seven hundred thousand by 1905 (Henretta 557). With amount of sheer numbers, the industries could pick and chose whom they wanted to hire. Since many of the immigrants coming over already had family here, they used this to their advantage. For example, when Kracha needs a job in Thomas Bell's Out of This Furnace he had his brother-in-law line him up a job working on the railroad (3). Later, when Kracha moved to Homestead, he again used his brother in law to

The hardships faced by new immigrants to the United States were numerous. The most important ones were finding employment, a place to live, and avoiding poverty. The immigrants faced these problems and more, and dealt with them well. They relied on their family and community to get through the hard times that affected everyone. American industry benefited greatly from the use of immigrant labor, and without the immigrants, America would not be where it is today.

Another large problem the immigrants faced was finding a place to live. When Kracha moved to Homestead, he once again had his brother-in-law help him out, by finding a room close by him, and holding it for Kracha (Bell 28). Another way many immigrants found housing, and sometimes made a little more money, was by taking boarders. This solved two problems. Those that owned the house could charge for letting people stay there, and make a little money on the side and the people that needed a room could stay with a family. An example of this is shown in Out of This Furnace when Mike Dobrejack and his wife Mary decide to take in boarders to earn extra money, which they needed because of a recent wage cut (Bell 150). The Text also covers this. "The newcomers, Though generally traveling on their own, moved within well-defined networks, following relatives or fellow villagers already in America, joining their households as family members or boarders, and relying on them to land !

set up a meeting with the sub-foreman, in which Kracha gave the man a bribe (Bell 28-29). When the immigrants came, they needed an "in" in which to get a job, just because there were so

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Approximate Word count = 1105
Approximate Pages = 4 (250 words per page double spaced)

Category: History