Rosa and Malcolm:Changing History, Changing Lives
A detailed Summary of Rosa and Malcolm:Changing History, Changing Lives
Rosa Parks' act of defiance triggered a bus
boycott that became a landmark in the civil rights
struggles of the 1950s and 1960s. Although her place
in history is firmly secured, the legendary Rosa Parks
continues to lead by example and deserves a special
On one dark December day in 1955, Mrs.
Parks' only intent was to get home after a long day of
work as a seamstress. It was an "established rule" in
the American south (at that time) that
African-American riders had to sit at the back of the
bus. African-American riders were also expected to
surrender their seat to a white bus rider if it was
needed. When a white man got on the bus and the
driver ordered the black people in her row in the
"colored section" to move to the rear, she reflected on
the songs of freedom her mother sang to her, the
lessons gleaned from the Bible and her belief that
people should stand up for things that are right and
challenge those that are wrong. She gathered her
faith, her quiet strength and determination and
decided that it was time to make a stand. Her
subsequent arrest and boycott became a powerful
symbol of peaceful resistance for the civil rights
In court, Mrs. Parks was ordered to pay a

and citizenship, we salute Rosa L. Parks, one of
oppression of blacks in America. He continued to fight for
may have been possible if Mrs. Parks did not
and Louise Little, rose to become one of the most dynamic
Malcolm began reading a variety of literature made available to
in a complete turnaround in Malcolm's views on both his
practicing what she preaches with integrity, caring
those conditions. He stressed the importance of not perpetuating
From the time of his release from prison, in 1952,
is still uncomfortable with all the credit given her for
Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 832
Approximate Pages = 3 (250 words per page double spaced)
Category: History
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