The main goal of new and absolute monarchies was to "centralize the state". War, civil war, class war, feudal rebellion, and banditry caused problems to Europe in the middle of the fifteenth century. Many different rulers now tried to make a kind of civil peace. They then laid the basics for the national states. In the same way, in the early part of the 17th century, wars part of religion and dynasty had a huge impact on the western European states.

As military spending increased, monarchs realized the importance of unifying their state. The difference between the two monarchies' plan for a centralized state was the way in which they were carried out. In the time of the New Monarchies, religion was needed for unifying the state. Monarchs such as Isabella of Castile tried to unify their countries as a result of "religious purification". I

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sabella believed strongly that a stable Spain would only come from a Catholic Spain. As a result, the "reconquista" was initiated and unification took place around the church. The monarchs insisted on religious conformity. In addition, parliamentary institutions, or law making organizations, were ignored or even sometimes abolished in order to centralize and bring peace to the state. Townspeople, the target of monarchs for support, were willing to let parliaments be dominated by the king, for parliaments proved many times to be strongholds of "unruly barons".

During the 17th century, however, there came to be a system of balance of power through partnerships. The purpose of this balance of power was not to preserve peace, but to preserve the control and independence of the states of Europe against possible invaders. The basic rule was to ally against any state threatening domination. The weaker countries would look for alliance with the other weaker states. They would then create a balance or counterweight against the state whose power they feared.

Rowen, Herbert H., From absolutism to revolution : 1648-1848,New York : Macmillan, 1963.,317 p.,Ideas and institutions in western civilization ; - v.IV, Europe -- History -- 1492-1789 Europe -- History -- 1789-1900

Oppenheim, Walter, Europe and the Enlightened despots, London : Hodder & Stoughton, 1993., 159 p.,Absolutism

Surprisingly, the rule of the monarch was not arbitrary. Kings were bound by a higher law and were judged by God which meant that they could not deprive their subjects of their lives, liberties, or property without due cause established by law. This divine right belief helped centralize the state because the people believed in the monarch and were not tempted to oppose him. In addition, states were further centralized through bureaucracy and the royal court. Whereas, in the era of New Monarchs, parliaments were avoided and monarchs were the only carriers of power, in the era of Absolute Monarchs, Courtiers and the legal system were critical to the well b

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