We are making technological and medicinal advances very rapidly in today's society. We have found cures for diseases we never thought could possibly be cured, and it seems that we will be living forever if we keep it up. One of the most controversial issues of recent day is the issue of human and animal cloning. There have been a growing number of laws for and against the cloning of mammals in the past five years. Although it is highly disputed, it should be made legal for uses such as cloning endangered species, giving children to infertile couples, and therapeutic cloning - all of which will be useful in the future.

Since this is such a new issue, not much is known about the procedures used to clone a human or animal. In fact, the word clone may not be understood. According to Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary, the word 'cloning' is:

"A procedure for producing multiple copies of genetically identical organisms or of individual genes. Organisms may be cloned by transplanting blastocysts from one embryo into an empty zona pellucida, or nuclei from the cells of one individual into enucleated ocytes. Genes may be cloned by isolating them from the genome of one or

cerns also. People have admitted to being afraid of "undermining important social values", and having people be treated like objects ("Executive Summary"). Another person stated, "Others expressed concern about a degradation in the quality of parenting and family life" ("Executive Summary"). In response to all the attention and pessimism, "The Commission... concluded that there would be imposed a period of time in which no attempt is made to create a child using somatic cell nuclear transfer" ("Executive Summary"). Somatic-cell research is the only biotechnological issue that has stayed on Capitol Hill ("America's next ethical war..." 1). It is one of the most controversial issues of all time and with it being so new, the government needs more time to see what they want to get out of it all.

"Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary". 1998: 1E3C.

Right after Dolly's birth, President Clinton banned federal funding for attempts to clone human beings in this manner. "The Unique prospect, vividly raised by Dolly, is the creation of a new individual genetically identical to an existing... person [called]... a "delayed" genetic twin" ("Executive Summary"). Clinton's ban does not prohibit reproductive cloning. In fact, only five states have laws banning it - California, Louisiana, Missouri, Michigan, and Rhode Island ("America's next ethical war..." 1). The Commission seems to be getting more involved in this issue, and they have their reasons. Cloning is still highly experimental, and it is far from being perfected. But if it was and we used it in everyday life, there would be some common side effects. These side effects, as stated in the executive decision, raise serious ethical issues such as "safety concerns, individuality, family integrity, and treating children as objects" ("Executive Summary"). There are other con!

2. Transfer the cells to minimal media (place where they can live and stop dividing).

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4. Electroshock the eggs to induce the fusion of the two cells.

"Executive Summary - Cloning Human Beings." http://bioethics.gov/pubs/cloning/executive.htm.

1. Grow human cells of one tissue type until you have a good supply.

ganism and incorporating them into the genome of an asexually reproducing organism, such as a bacterium or a yeast."(1E3C).

Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 2162
Approximate Pages = 9 (250 words per page double spaced)