This article's main objective was to seek out similarities and/or differences between juvenile (child and adolescent) obsessive-compulsive disorder and adult forms of the disease. It stated three competing hypotheses on the relationship between juvenile and adult OCD: 1. juvenile and adult OCD are continuous, meaning the same, disorders; 2. juvenile and adult OCD are discontinous, different, disorders; and 3. juvenile and adult OCD are continuous but the juvenile disorder is more severe. A systematic review of studies done on both disorders were reviewed in order to make a conclusion in this article. Things that were considered include, age at onset, gender distribution, symptom phenomenology, psychiatric comorbidity, neurological and perinatal history, family psychiatric history, cognitive and neuropsychological profiles, treatment, and outcome. The expected to find that if the two disorders were part of the same disorder, then they would find similar correlates between !

Journal Article #3: Drug Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Authors: M.Piccinelli, S. Pini, C. Bellantuono, G. Wilkenson from the British Journal of Psychiatry August, 1995.

Something else that was found in this research was that juvenile subjects, after undergoing cognitive and neuropsychological assessments, were found to perform significantly poorer on IQ performance tests and neuropsychological tests.

This article was a different kind of follow up to the two previous articles. It wasn't as detailed as the others but still related closely to them. It had more to do with the treatment practices than the disease itself.

In addition to similarities between both juvenile and adult OCD, important differences were found. The clearest difference was the age at onset data, which showed a bimodal distribution, one peak in childhood and one in adulthood. In adult case studies, the mean age at onset was found to be 21 years, where as the studies for childhood OCD found the mean age at onset to be around 10 years. Another difference was found in gender representation. Adult samples of OCD found there to be an almost equal split between male and female, with a slight female preponderance, and juvenile OCD studies found clear male predominance, 60%-70% being male, until late adolescence when the adult pattern appears. Juvenile OCD was found to characterize high rates of comorbid disruptive behavior disorders in addition to specific developmental disorders.

Journal Article #2: Cognitive-behavioral treatment of pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: an open clinical trial. Author: Martin E. Franklin from the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, April, 1998.

Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 1190
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page double spaced)