Hydrothermal Vents form at mid-ocean ridges.

This is where the planet's crustal plates are slowly spreading apart and magma is coming up from below to form mountain ranges. As cracks form at these spreading centers, seawater seeps a mile or two down into the hot rock. Enriched with minerals leached from the rock, the water heats and rises to the ocean floor to form a vent (Stover).

This is done through a process called chemosynthesis. Chemosynthesis organisms are sulfide-oxidizing bacteria. Hydrogen sulfide is given off by the vents on the sea floor. The bacteria take the sulfur in the hydrogen sulfide and oxidize it producing energy. H2 + S ---> H2S + energy. This energy drives all life forms in the deep sea vents, producing sugars, fats, and amino acids in living forms very much as plants do, but based on sulfur. Like photosynthesis this process is highly complex, but it sustains a huge numb

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