The first issue is whether Officer Short had probable cause to stop the VW bug. When a police officer has probable cause to believe that a suspect has committed a crime, the officer makes an arrest. An arrest may occur either with or without a warrant (most are made without a warrant). Arrest usually involves taking the suspect into custody and transporting him to the police station. Officer Short believed that the individual and the car fit the description of the recent robbery of the pharmacy. However, the defendant will argue that the description was too vague, that it was not in close proximity of the crime scene, that there was a lapse of time and the office was not in hot pursuit of the defendant.

The 4th amendment provides, "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. The 4th amendment thus appli

es both to searches and seizures of property, and to arrests of persons. Generally, the fact that D was arrested in an unconstitutional manner makes no difference: a defendant may generally be tried and convicted regardless of the fact that his arrest was made in violation of the 14th amendment. However, when evidence is seized as part of a warrantless search conducted incident to an arrest, the evidence will be excluded as inadmissible if the arrest was a violation of the Constitution (e.g., the arresting officer did not have probable cause to believe that D had committed a crime). Office Sho!

rt did not have a warrant to search Andy's car. However Office Short will argue that he did have probable cause that Andy had committed the robbery based on the earlier description and the fact that after Officer Short pulled Andy over that his outfit was more consistent with the earlier description. A warrant is usually required before a search or seizure takes place, unless there are "exigent circumstances". There is no evidence that Officer Short had any exigent circumstance to search the car. However, the state will argue that the search was just a cursory search within the limits of the constitution. The police were only conducting a brief "stop and frisk" that does not require and only need some reasonable suspicion. Terry.

r Short while he was in the confinement of the car without his lawyer present when he had already requested one and Miranda was not initiated a second time. This evidence is most likely to be suppressed.

The next question is was this an arrest and would a reasonable person believe that that are being arrested? If you are making an arrest then Miranda must be given. However if you are citing, no Miranda. The person does not always have to be in handcuffs to be under arrest. Some factors that are considered are the number of officers present, the time of day, and the officer's demeanor. Voluntary trips to the station are not custody. In addition, if the individual is in jail you still have to give Miranda because the individual is in a coercive environment. Two requirements for confessions: The confession must have been voluntary, i.e., not the product of coercion by the police; and the confession must have been obtained in conformity with the Miranda decision - in brief, if the confession was given by the suspect while he was in custody and under interrogation by the authorities, the suspect must have been warned that he had the right to remain silent, that anything he sai!

The court wil

Some common words found in the essay are:
Officer Short, Andy Victor, Miranda Nevertheless, Furthermore Andy, Office Short, Bob Furthermore, , probable cause, Office Sho, officer short, evidence seized, suspect custody, Mother Burton's, Edward's Furthermore, probable cause believe, cause believe, search car, 4th amendment, short probable, search seizure, officer short probable, short probable cause, elicit incriminating response, due process, reasonably elicit incriminating,
Approximate Word count = 1713
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page double spaced)