1818-83, German social philosopher, the chief theorist of modern socialism and communism.

economic and political philosophy named for Karl Marx. It is also known as scientific (as opposed to utopian) socialism. Marxism has had a profound impact on contemporary culture; modern communism is based on it, and most modern socialist theories derive from it (see socialism). It has also had tremendous effect on academia, influencing disciplines from economics to philosophy and literary history.

Pronounced As: lenin, Rus. vldymir ilych lyenin , 1870-1924, Russian revolutionary, the founder of Bolshevism and the major force behind the Revolution of Oct., 1917.

Pronounced As: stalin, Rus. visryônvich stalyin , 1879-1953, Soviet Communist leader and head of the USSR from the death of V. I. Lenin (1924) until his own death, b. Gori, Georgia. His real name was Dzhugashvili (also spelled Dzugashvili or Djugashvili); he adopted the name Stalin ("man of steel) about 1913.

Pronounced As: trotsk, Rus. lan trôtsk , 1879-1940, Russian Communist revoluti

(Nikolai Nikolayevich) Pronounced As: nyikli nyiklivich , 1856-1929, Russian grand duke and army officer; first cousin of Czar Alexander III and grandson of Czar Nicholas I. He served in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78. During the Revolution of 1905, he refused the czar's request that he become military dictator, thus forcing Nicholas to accept Count Witte's plan for an elective national assembly. Nicholas was made commander in chief of the Russian armies at the outbreak of World War I. In 1915 Czar Nicholas II, influenced by the czarina and Rasputin, relieved him of his post and took over the command himself. Grand Duke Nicholas was made commander in the Caucasus, where he won successes against the Turks until the February Revolution of 1917 deprived him of his command. He left Russia in 1919 and settled in France.

onary, one of the principal leaders in the establishment of the USSR; his original name was Lev Davidovich

Pronounced As: totalitarnizm , a modern autocratic government in which the state involves itself in all facets of society, including the daily life of its citizens. A totalitarian government seeks to control not only all economic and political matters but the attitudes, values, and beliefs of its population, erasing the distinction between state and society. The citizen's duty to the state becomes the primary concern of the community, and the goal of the state is the replacement of existing society with a perfect society.

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As the leading Soviet state newspaper and organ of information and education, Pravda offered its readers well-written articles and analyses on science, economics, cultural topics, and literature. There were letters from readers and officially sponsored and approved materials to indoctrinate and inform its readers on Communist theory and programs. Its treatment of foreign affairs generally was limited to domestic matters within foreign countries. International relations was left to the official Soviet government newspaper Izvestiya (q.v.). Pravda's pages featured pleasing makeup, occasional photography, and attractive typography. It c

Some common words found in the essay are:
Giannikos Pravda, February Revolution, Russia Communism, Karl Marx, National Socialism, Common Sense, Soviet Soviet-bloc, Vladimir Lenin, Voice America, War II, soviet union, classless society, karl marx, enabled propagandists, communist party, grand duke, czar nicholas, economic political, 20th cent, vladimir ilyich,
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Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page double spaced)