Empedocles's philosophy was based on the extant fragments of his poems on nature and purification. He said that all things are composed of four primary elements: earth, air, fire, and water. There are two active and opposing forces, love and hate (affinity and antipathy), act upon these elements. These forces combine and separate the elements into infinitely varied forms. According to Empedocles, his view points are that reality is cyclical. At the beginning of the cycle, the four elements are bound together by the principle of love. When hate penetrates the cycle, the elements begin to separate. Love then reunites everything, then hate begins the process over again. Empedocles also believed that no change involving the creation of new matter is po

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