nursing as a profession which pertains to health care. There are also five recent scholarly journals that have been specifically chosen, to complete a detailed annotated bibliography.

Mullane, M. (2000). A Glance Back in time: future, higher education, and professional development. Nursing Forum, 35 (4), 41-45.

Throughout this article the author presented information that demonstrated the concern of the future of nursing. She compares the past and present, stating that we are at a junction which is demanding a choice of direction in which way nursing may go. The direction of nursing is unknown especially concerning nursing education. The future of nursing depends upon many different things, it is affected by progress in health care and by it?s past. The scientific social forces that surround it today enforce it. This all rests upon nurses themselves and is shaped by administrators of our health services and by practicing physicians.

The author feels that in the education field of nursing apprenticeship has advantage over other forms of education. She has acknowledged that the graduate is an expert in techniques, however by reinstating the apprenticeship system that was used in the past we will create a greater nurse.

After reviewing the literature it is important to assess the level of expertise of the author. Mullane (2000), at the time of publication, had her RN, PhD, was

Annotated Bibliography: 3

Dean of the College of Nursing at the University of Iowa in Iowa City. This journal was also one of many journal articles she has written.

After completing the review of this research article I was able to determine the purpose of this article was to inform individuals that nursing is at a point where changes need to be made. With all the advancements we have we are able to make these changes to better the nursing profession. The author also suggests that we can return to the way things used to be, with more hands on. The article provides sufficient background information with specific dates and events. The intended audience of this paper was healthcare professionals, nurses, teachers, general public and colleagues. The author painted a picture of a nursing student who graduates out of University is an unprepared nurse not mentally but with hands-on tasks. The only sort of supplementary data this article offered was one other source from the Nursing Forum. Overall, this article is useful for nurses and healthcare professions who are interested in looking into the future of nursing.

Annotated Bibliography: 4

Cardillo, D. (2001). Nursing, promote thyself: public relations, professional development and guidelines. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 14 (2), 40-49.

The author suggested that nurses have been working quietly in the background, with little recognition. Therefore, it is time for nurses to come through and self-promote. The author feels it is vital to the survival and the long-term success of the profession. The article suggests ways to promote yourself as a nurse such as: taking stock of your strengths and assets, become active in nursing associations, when winning an award make it known, attend work-related social events and volunteer on committees.

In order to determine the credibility of the article the credentials of the author must be assessed. Cardillo had achieved her RN, BS, is pres