Down Syndrome
In 1866, J. Langdon Down was the first to formally describe what is now called Down Syndrome (DS). He described people who had flat and broad faces; roundish and laterally extended cheeks; large, thick lips; and long, thick tongues. These people also had mental deficits and were called idiots (Down, 1866). Brousseau (1928) gives a more thorough description of the physical as well as the mental characteristics of people with DS. Her list of physical features includes: small, rounded head; short, flat nose; small, slanted eyes; short stature; muscular weakness; small, round and frequently open mouth; and large abdomens. She noted that children with DS often displayed delays in gross motor activities, such as walking, and production and recognition of language as well as other cognitive processes.Beginning early, parents, and especially mothers, were blamed for their child's condition. Brousseau has a long list of causes for Mongolism; they are parental alcoholism, syphilis, tuberculosis, neuropathic heredity, consanguinity, age of parents, birth order, physical and mental state of mother during pregnancy, and injury to the fetus (1928). In 1907, Seguin listed four circumstances, which favor the conception of idiocy:
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Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 2888
Approximate Pages = 12 (250 words per page double spaced)
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