The Descent of Woman
The Descent of Woman, by Elaine Morgan, tells the idea of the Aquatic Theory of Evolution. According to this theory of evolution, the ape, which man is believed to evolve from, comes down from the trees due to a drought and into the water. While adapting to a new environment, the ape evolved to become more like man. When the drought was over, this ape moved back onto the land and completely evolved into man. Morgan goes into great depth and detail throughout the chapters. She covers each process in the evolving of this species that she feels was wrongly described by past evolutionists. In chapter one, she tells how in the Book of Genesis, it is said that God created man first and woman was created later and was not created as well as man. Because of this, whenever a book is written about man evolving the pronoun 'he' is used since man means male and species. This pronoun puts the image of a male in the reader's head. This is why Morgan chose to use the pronoun 'she' and tell the theory of evolution through a female evolving. She also tells in this chapter the theory of the Tarzanlike figure a prehominid male came down from the trees and almost immediately became a Mighty Hunter and that everyth
The Pliocene merged into the Pleistocene in chapter seven as it began to rain again. The interior began to flourish with tress and food again. They were no longer afraid of the land and moved back to it brining with them these new aquatic adaptations, tools, and knowledge of language. In this chapter Morgan ponders the complexity of going from land to sea and back to land again. She tries to present of this by finding other mammals that did this environmental change. She looks at pigs and elephants. She also studies the possibility of humans having a quasi-race memory imprinted in our brains. She discussed many experiments that were done and saw a connection with males and females reacting to sex-linked objects that they might have been connected with in the evolution process from apes to Homo sapiens. In this chapter Morgan begins to use the pronoun 'he' because we are approaching a time when the male changes in behavior faster than the females do. I found this novel to make sense of the Aquatic Theory to a pretty large degree. I enjoy the way Elaine Morgan writes. She is very blunt. This book was very interesting although hard to comprehend some of the concepts the first time reading them. I especially found chapters nine through eleven difficult. I must say however, Morgan got me to buy this theory almost completely. In chapter five, Morgan talks of love as a concomitant of sexual relations. She tells about the menstrual cycle as well as the oestrus cycle. The oestrus cycle occurs between the menstrual cycles. This cycle attracts the male of high rank to mate with the female. After mating she gets pushed back down to the lower ranks with the rest of the females. Morgan shows that still today males and females have a sexual peak in which they want more sex. Morgan talks about the bonding between males and between females and compares it to the bonding of human juveniles in the playground. Morgan, in chapter two, dates back to the mild Miocene. During this time there was the hairy prehominid ape still living in the trees and still a vegetarian. She didn't yet evolve into what distinguishes her from other species. After a few million years, a drought occurred in the Pliocene and drove the ape out of the trees and onto the plain. She could simply not adapt to living on the plains. Since she lived in the central part of Africa, there was no water for her to move to so she became extinct. However, her cousin of the same species lived on the coast of Africa. She had the same problems as her cousin who became extinct. She couldn't digest grass and there were fierce carnivores on the ground that frightened her and no trees to run up. She did however, have water to run into when she was frightened and the carnivores didn't like to get wet. So due to this and the heat, she found herself spending a lot of her time in the water. She began eating small crabs and shrimp. Some of the things in the water had hard shells and she didn't have daggers to crack them like her mate did. So as attempt to feed herself and her child she used pebbles to break them open thus beginning to use tools. Her mate then began to use pebbles for skull bashing of slightly larger but harmless creatures in the sea such as baby seals. As she spent more time in the water she would go as far in the water as up to her neck. This would cause her to have to stand on her hind legs. She also began to loose her fur because of the heat. It also slowed her down in the water swimming. T
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Approximate Word count = 2362
Approximate Pages = 9 (250 words per page double spaced)
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