Alcohol use or abuse by the pregnant woman subjects her to the same range of risks that alcohol does in the general population. However, it poses extreme and unique risks to the fetus and is associated with FAS. Timing of alcohol use during pregnancy is also of importance. Alcohol use during the second trimester is more damaging than use in the third trimester.

Alcohol ingested by a pregnant woman easily passes across the placental barrier to the fetus. Because of this, drinking alcohol can adversely affect the development of the baby.

Research of the Effects of parental ex

There are some tests that physicians can implement to determine FAS. Ultrasound in pregnancy can demonstrate the presence of intrauterine growth retardation. Echocardiogram or ECG measures the infant's heart rate and the sound of the beats. Toxicology screens measures the alcohol level in a mother's blood stream.

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