In 1939, Stalin made his first major change in policy when he signed the Hitler-Stalin pact of non-aggression. From Fascism's beginning, Stalin held a strong anti-fascist stance, repeatedly denouncing the theory and its participants. But, with inevitable war looming closer, Stalin dove into a pact with the Germans to buy time before he entered the conflict. Khrushchev, a powerful member of the Soviet Party, said that, "It was very hard for us - as communists, as anti-Fascists, as people unalterably opposed to the philosophical and political position of the Fascists - To accept the idea of joining forces with Germany." "It was not only the Jews who were shocked and confused about the significance of the pact. The turnabout had to be rationalized to the Soviet people. Yesterday's enemy was suddenly harmless." The Soviets were confused and disillusioned. All anti-fascist propaganda was ceased, and the Soviet public could no longer be sure of Stalin's policy. In the face of war, Stalin found it impossible to adhere to his former principles. Along with the consequences among the Soviets, the signing of the pact was bad news for the Soviet Jews. Anti-fascist propaganda was replaced by a paper that pro-nazi, anti-Semitic propaganda. Stalin began a "decimation of Jewish [officials] and intelligensia" as "German atrocities against Jews commenced." "The Jews realized now that a menace worse than anything their unhappy race had experienced throughout centuries of persecution had fallen upon them." No longer afraid of Western denunciation, and with the help of their new ally, the Soviets released all pent up anti-Semitism during the Nazi-Soviet pact, liquidating the Jewish culture.

pe for future friendship and cooperation with the government . Suddenly, in 1948, Stalin changed his position again, dissolving the JAC, arresting prominent Jews, and beginning the "Black Years" of refreshed repression and anti-Semitism. Although drastic doctrinal oscillations were completely out of character for the inflexible dictator, the changes in Jewish administration were not the only exceptions in his etiology that Stalin made from WWII to his death. The effects of Stalin's inconstancies were dangerously close to destructive of his legitimacy and authority. What compelled a fanatically unyielding and calculating dictator to alter his policy -- self-preservation, miscalculation, composite guilt, or deteriorating mentality?

The sudden inconsistencies in Stalin's principles were blatant. Stalin's rule was based primarily upon the consistency of his theory, and changes in his normally dogmatic method would have been destructive, had it not been for the recent victory over Germany. Stalin's fluctuations in policy from 1939 until his death in 1953 and the resulting losses in ideological authority were forgotten in the victory celebrations. . By the time the post-war excessive Russian chauvinism had worn off, Stalin's policy was again stabilized in anti-Semitic xenophobia. Stalin feared contradicting his ideology, but with the onset of World War II, he compromised the dangers to his dictatorship. Stalin's risky changes in etiology had strong motives in calculated self-preservation.

"Stalin owed everything to Lenin." Stalin's oppressive rule was legitimized by the "imprimatur of Lenin's creation and succession." Marx's theory became Lenin's doctrine and Stalin's creative justification. Lenin's Bolshevik ("Majority") party was formed in 1903 with the objective of a stagiest societal evolution of Europe and Russia in the gradual progression from feudalism, to capitalism, to socialism, and to eventual communism. In the October Revolution of 1917, Lenin succeeded in establishing the Soviet Government, and after the 1920 Bolshevik victory in the Civil War, he gained political isolation for his party. Lenin believed that until he obtained European support and the ensuing transition to a communist society was complete, law

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Approximate Pages = 12 (250 words per page double spaced)