The theme in the poem "Ballad of the Landlord" by Langston Hughes, although certainly may be interpreted in different ways, basically boils down to the socioeconomic class conflict between the haves and have-nots. A Marxist critic will argue that the social and economic tensions that have existed since the establishment of civilization are reflected on the literary works of authors throughout time. The elements of poetry that best support the theme in Hughes' poem are the archetypal symbol and irony.

The conflict between the landlord and the tenant is one that has existed in other forms in the past, and exists in the present as well. It is an archetypal symbol of rich vs. poor, or in Marxist terminology: bourgeoisie vs. proletariat. Marxist critics believe that the proletarian is punished as a direct consequence of the disparity in wealth, and in this system the rich will be excused for any wrongdoing. In Hughes' poem we see a reflection of this

After reading this poem, one can see that in fact a bias exists against the "negro" tenant. In the early part of this century, before the civil rights movement of the 60s, and when blacks still had many obstacles to overcome, the theme of this poem magnified the problems African-Americans had during these dreadful times. Nonetheless, Langston Hughes never foresaw this poem serving as a catalyst for an economic or racial revolt. His understated tone and dry irony in this poem are evidence enough to support this statement.

The theme of Langston Hughes' "Ballad of the Landlord" can be summarized into a couple of words, socioeconomic tensions. This theme is highlighted with the poetic elements of archetypal symbol and irony. The theme of the poem, regardless of political views, is evident when thoroughly analyzed, especially with these literary elements.

In a twist of irony, we learn that the "Ballad of the Landlord" was censored to students in 1940 when a Boston public school teacher required his literature clas

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