"The use of biological weapons and efforts to make them more useful as a means of waging war have been recorded numerous times in history" (NBC-MED). [As early as the sixth century BC biological warfare has been reported, when the Assyrians poisoned the wells of their enemies with rye ergot. When plague broke out in the Tartar army camp in 1346 during its siege of Kaffa (present day Feodosia in Crimea), the Tartars set the corpses of those who died on catapults and flung them over the walls. The defenders were forced to surrender when an epidemic of plague engulfed the city. It is also believed that Russian troops used the same tactic against Sweden in 1710.

Smallpox has also been used as a biological weapon on several occasions. It is a belief that in the fifteenth century Pizarro presented South American natives with contaminated clothing. The English were said t

o have done the same during the French and Indian War when Sir Jeffrey Amherst gave French-allied Indians "smallpox-laden blankets" (NBC-MED).] Fort Carillon, which was held by the same Native Americans, was lost to the English when huge losses due to the sickness forced the defenders out.

After the war, it was agreed by all sides to outlaw the use of chemical warfare. Though in 1935 Italy used gas in Ethiopia, showing how fragile the compact was (Watts). During the Vietnam Conflict the United States used the chemical Agent Orange to destroy jungle growth and crops. While five other defoliants (Agents White, Blue, Purple, Pink, and Green) were used during the conflict, Agent Orange is the most popularly known. The use of the defoliants became known as Operation Ranch Hand, whose motto was, "Only you can prevent forests." The operation and motto fit perfectly as 17.7 million gallons of the chemicals were spread ove

Some common words found in the essay are:
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