on anonymous stockholders who knew nothing about the industry itself. They explained that the workers in a particular industry should be the ones to reap the benefits of their hard work, not the wealthy stock holders who remained anonymous and far from any of the actual work that was being done. More focus was to be drawn to the individual to promote "relationships" and "family ties" within the organization. The Fribourg Union was responsible for the concept of subsidiarity, which was to defend the rights of the human person, the family, and other smaller and local communities.

Pope Pius XI's encyclical of 1931 on social questions entitled Quadragesimo Anno goes further into the idea of subsidiarity. It was to battle a natural tendency for the larger authority to centralize all power and deprive those of a smaller stature. It supported the idea of "self-realization" and individualism and independence. The 19th century was lacking "intermediate bodies" which was the central idea behind the more modern idea of subsidiarity. It explains that the higher states should not intervene with smaller local political and economic issues if they could be handled on local levels by intermediary authorities. This would give more power and autonomy to th

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Approximate Word count = 847
Approximate Pages = 3 (250 words per page double spaced)