Jack London made a significant contribution to the American cultures as a writer; he used Darwinian determinism, Nietzschean theories and adventure in his writings. (World Bio Pg. 2225) Jack London was born in San Francisco; his father William Chaney was a traveling astrologer and his mother Flora Wellman a spiritualist. He was abandon shortly after birth and took his stepfathers last name, John London a farmer. Because of his poor living conditions Jack had to work to help out. At age 10 then he worked selling newspapers and as a pin boy at the bowling alley, But the financial conditions affecting his family forced him to quit school; at age 14 he left high school and worked as a cannery. (EOWB Pg. 555) during his spare time he read the works of Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, Rudyard Kipling, Friedrich Nietzche and many others. He completed his high school education and attended a semester at the University Of California for a semester. He then later joins the gold rush and traveled to Klondike. Returned to San Francisco and
Blair, Walter. "London". Encyclopedia Of World Biography.
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