Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

A detailed Summary of Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)


The destruction of two Japanese cities namely Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 at the hands of American Atomic bombs unveiled not only the enormous destructive capability of the nuclear devices but also the hazards and the holocausts which were in store for humanity. The first atomic explosion launched a nuclear race among the great powers. Within the span of a decade the Soviet Union, Britain and France also joined the nuclear club. In 1964 Peoples Republic of China too exploded an atomic device. Thus by the middle of the sixties the problem of nuclear proliferation had assumed serious proportions especially when several other nations like Israel, India, South Africa and Brazil were also on the threshold of becoming nuclear states.

The nuclear hazards became more grave with the passage of each year. Particularly, the developing nations felt more concerned about the growing complications emerging from the increasing threat to their safety. The gravity of the problem of nuclear proliferation can be judged from the fact that despite signing the Limited Test Ban Treaty in 1963 the USA, USSR and UK continued with their underground nuclear explosions. It is estimated that from 1963 to 1967 the number of nuclear explosions made by US wa


s 166, by USSR 48, by UK 1, by France 18 and by China 7.

Article X: An extension conference will be held 25 years after the treaty has taken force to determine whether the treaty should be renewed periodically or indefinitely. Any state may withdraw from the treaty three months after it has advised the other parties and the UN Security Council that it intends to do so.

Article IX: Any state, which accepts the IAEA safeguards, may become a member.

Article IV: Materials related to the production of nuclear energy excluded from the ban on transfer of explosive related materials.

Article VII: Regional associations have the right to declare their regions nuclear free zones.

Article VIII: Any party may propose an amendment to the treaty if one third of the treaty's signatories request it; a conference must be called for the purpose of considering the amendment. The treaty will be amended if majorities, which must include the weapon states, agree. Treaty review conferences will be held every 5 years.

-Article III: Non-weapon states agree to International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards, inspection of nuclear facilities and accounting of nuclear materials.



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Approximate Word count = 804
Approximate Pages = 3 (250 words per page double spaced)

Category: History

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