The art of the Republican period and the beginning of the Empire
Sculpture and painting of the Republican period, initially reflected Etruscan influences. As the empire expanded, exposure to other cultures and the art of Greece reflected a more eclectic style. The building of religious buildings and palaces was of importance, but also they began to concentrate on the needs of the whole community, of the ordinary people, for which they developed new building forms, new structural principles and new building materials. The most important development in this period was that of concrete.
Concrete in contrast to stone, was cheaper, easier to transport and required a less skilled workforce. Roman concrete consisted of powdered lime, sand, and various types of rubble, these were mixed with water, which caused the mixture to harden into a solid mass.
A Roman house of this period usually consisted of small rooms laid out on a straight, generally symmetrical plan, as in the House of Pansa in Pompeii (2nd Century BCE). From the entrance a corridor led to the atrium, a large space with a shallow pool for catching rainwater through an opening in the roof. The structure and frontal plan of the house -the centrally located atrium surrounded by small rooms- originated with the Etruscans.
Art and architecture of the Republican period shows the gradual change in style as the empire was expanding and being exposed to different cultures. The development of concrete was a great advancement in this period and freed the builders from the limits that constructing with stones put on them. Above are a few examples of the impressive works of art t
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