The unhappiness in China laid in its problems, which arose during the early twentieth century. Until the early twentieth century, China's rule was based on dynasties, which followed Confucian theories. The Chinese thought of their nation as the center of the world, disclaiming any interest in the west. Already during the nineteenth century, China had been weakened through foreign

Three years after their first congress, the Chinese Communists were advised to enter into a cooperative relationship with the GMD, by Michael Bordin - a Russian political advisor, who helped in the building up of Sun Yatsen's party. By 1924, the CCP and GMD united in order to defeat the warlords, which were still partially ruling Chinese provinces. But after Sun's death, Chiang Kai-Shek took over (1925) and he was regarded as a 'super warlord'. This coalition lasted until Chiang Kai-Shek's leadership year (1927). By expelling the communists from the government and organizing the anti CCP, Shanghai massacre, Chiang destroyed the CCP-GMD alliance, declaring a rival government at Nanjing. Therefore the communists were forced to set up their "Red base areas", from where they could promote their influences into China (5). In contrast to the conservative GMD, the Communist Party grew rapidly, pushing policies such as land reform and labor unions. These differences made Chiang execute thousands of CCP and union members. Those, who were lucky enough to escape this bloody purge either took the hills or went underground in the cities. They began to abandon their urban preoccupations, because it was in the cities, where Chiang had the greatest power. The communists therefore realized that their opportunity lay in the suffering countryside and the peasantry.

In 1921, a few young radicals, including Mao Zedong, held the first congress of the CCP.

In sum, the Chinese had lived in insecure conditions, of which some are due to major problems and disruptions after European penetration in early nineteenth century. Therefore, the people were looking for a government, which would bring solutions and put a final end to their struggle. The mistakes of Kuomingtang's policies and action caused for the Communists to come to power, they gained peasants' sympathy and put them into an even more positive view of themselves to the people. At the beginning the GMD sought to bring about a democratic revolution. Their socialist leader, Sun Yatsen, therefore introduced three principles, Nationalism, Democracy and People's livelihood. His idea of Nationalism consisted of a strong central government, which would have had to be able to force out foreign influence and restore independence of China. Democracy was Sun's attempt to secure liberty and equality, in a country, which previously had a long history of imperial dynastic rule. In addition to this he demanded a fair distribution of wealth such as land and reflection of people's livelihood. It became obvious that there was no harmony in the Chinese society. Mainly the warlords and foreigners increasingly contributed to the division of the country. In addition, the privileged classes established an opposition.

The two key classes, intellectuals and peasants, were convinced by the CCP and considered the communist ideas as a solution to their problems. Thus, the CCP used this situation to persuade the people of China and therefore by receiving the support from the majority the communists were able to come to power.

A rebellion, called May 4th Movement took place, demanding a more Socialist system. At this stage, the Soviet regimes and their withdrawal from the war started to appear to the Chinese. Two years after the Treaty of Versailles, in 1921, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was set up in Benijing and Paris, with leaders Mao Zedong and Chou Enlan(2).

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Approximate Word count = 2434
Approximate Pages = 10 (250 words per page double spaced)