Renaissance is the Italian word meaning rebirth. It happened between 1350 and 1550 and it occurred in three distinct phases. First was characterized by a declining population, the uncovering of classical texts, and experimentation in a variety of art forms. The second phase was distinguished by the creation of a set of cultural values and artistic and literary achievements that defined Renaissance style. The large Italian city states developed stable and coherent forms of government, and warfare between them gradually ended. In the final period invasions form France and Spain transformed Italian political life and the ideas and techniques of Italian writers and artists radiated to all points of the continent. Renaissance ideas and achievements spread throught Euope and were particularly important in Holland. The Italian Peninsula was very urban which allowed trading to blossom and allowed for specialization in agricultural and industrial life that increased productivity and wages. Between 1350 and 1450 one in every six years had a high mortality rate. Overproduction became a problem. Orphans wre very common especially females. Dowry was used to wed the daughters. Church remainrd the center of
The combination was a new and powerful intellectual movement was known as Christian Humanism. They applied the techniques to the study of the authorities and texts of the Church. It was a program of reform rather than a philosophy. It aimed to make better Christians through better education. They were especially interested in Christian women. International movement.
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