According to Levy (329), everyone has an idea of how the world works and why it works the way it does. Levy believes that when we respond to something, we do so based on our beliefs of how things work. Most people would agree that the decisions we make are a combination of all the experiences we have had up to that point. We cannot separate who we are, our beliefs, or our life experiences from the decisions we make, no matter how much we want to or how hard we try. We would all like to believe that the decisions we make are strictly objective, that they are based only on facts. In reality, if we were to look back, we would see that they are not.

The 1960's in the United States was a time of social and political turmoil. The country was embroiled in an unpopular war, political assassinations seemed to be c

The ideology of planning changes with the times. The advocacy planning which was popular during the 1960's, has given way to a more conservative approach. Planners who advocate a conservative perspective are those that see the marketplace as the driving force. Government intervention is viewed as a negative (Levy 340). Levy points to the "real world" and challenges those who question whether or not the laissez-faire approach to planning is appropriate to examine which political or economic system functions at the optimum level (Levy 341).

At the time, others saw the role of the planner to be one where the planner was a savior for the downtrodden. Harvey (187) describes the planner as the "righter of wrongs", the "corrector of imbalances" and the "defender of the public interest". Very lofty ideals for any person let alone for one whose traditional role had not previously be

Some common words found in the essay are:
Paul Davidoff, According Levy, , beliefs life experiences, experiences decisions matter, separate beliefs life, life experiences decisions, experiences decisions, decisions matter hard, ideology planning, life experiences, levy 339, real world, decisions matter, beliefs life, matter hard, levy 338, separate beliefs,
Approximate Word count = 592
Approximate Pages = 2 (250 words per page double spaced)