The researches tried to make this study as valid and reliable as possible. Validity is the extent to which a study accurately measures what it is supposed to measure. Validity is divided into two different forms, internal and external. An internal validity is when a study "thoroughly and rigorously tests the corr

The researchers did an investigation that focused on three different cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Taipei, Taiwan; and Sendai, Japan. They picked these cities because they were similar in population, they were industrial cities and even though the culture is different, there are many similarities between these cities. Ten schools were chosen from each city, they randomly picked two first grade classes and two fifth grade classes from each school. There was only 38 out of 863 American parents who refused to participate in this study. The researchers collected data from 240 kids, their mothers and their teachers. The target sample in this study consisted of 12 kids, 2 girls and 2 boys. They were randomly selected from each of the three groups which consisted of high, medium and low scorers on a reading test that was given to all of th

Some common words found in the essay are:
Sendai Japan, Shin-Ying Lee, , Taiwan American, american children, asian students, students spend school, spend school, students spend, math reading, achievement tests, grade classes, school achievement,
Approximate Word count = 565
Approximate Pages = 2 (250 words per page double spaced)