The development of animals requires a sterile environment, and with mammals we call this place the womb. But after birth, the newborn enters a world with millions of bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens that may cause disease or even death. It is important that the newborn develop a healthy immune system so it is less likely to become diseased. While humans receive 90% of immunoglobulins, essential proteins that respond and protect the body, via the placenta, dogs and cats receive only 5-10%, and unfortunately, livestock receive no immunoglobulins. This is why it is important for livestock to receive immunoglobulins in some other way.

Colostrum is another way immunity is transferred between a mother and her newborn. Colostrum is the first secretion from the mammary glands of mothers after parturition. Colostrum contains leukocytes, lactoferrin, lysozyme, cytokines, lymphokines, proline-rich polypeptides, and immunoglobulins. The mos

Immunoglobulins consist of five different forms of antibodies like IgM, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgA. IgM antibodies are antibacterial and help neutralize endotoxins from gram-negative bacteria. IgD antibodies are found on lymphocytes and make up a small percentage of immunoglobulins. IgE antibodies mediate allergic and anaphylatic reactions and also serve a minor response to the immune system. IgG antibodies make up 80-85% of the immunoglobulins and the blood serum over animals and they protect against circulating bacteria and viruses in all parts of the body. IgA antibodies are the most abundant in colostrum and are one of the most important immunoglobulins needed for immunity. IgA immunoglobulins are found in serum where they are secreted into mucous membrane surfaces and prevent the attachment of disease causing agents as well as triggering the immune response. Because these immunoglobulins, they help defend the body so if a newborn doesn't receive enough colostrum, they will be more

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