'Concrete Operations' is one of the four stages of Cognitive Development in children that were proposed by Jean Piaget, a renowned child psychologist.

Cognitive Development, or Cognitive Structures as they are also known, are patterns of mental or physical action that underlie specific acts of intelligence and correspond to stages of child development. There are 4 primary Cognitive Development stages.

Intelligence is based on only motor actions and through assimilations. For example, infants have certain skills in regard to objects in their environment. These skills were certainly simple ones, sensori-motor skills, but they directed the way in which the infant explored his or her environment and so how they gained more knowledge of the world and more sophisticated exploratory skills. These skills he called schemas.

For example, an infant knows how to grab his favorite rattle and thrust it into his mouth. He

's got that schema down pat. When he comes across some other object -- say daddy's expensive watch, he easily learns to transfer his "grab and thrust" schema to the new object. This Piaget called assimilation, specifically assimilating a new object into an old schema.

Along with symbolization, there is a clear understanding of past and future. For example, if a child is crying for its mother, and you say "Mommy will be home soon," it will now tend to stop crying. However children will only see things from their point of view.

The final development in this stage is that of mental representation. This is the ability to hold an image in their mind for a time after the image was seen or experienced. They can use mental combinations to solve simple problems, such as putting down a toy in order to open a door. They also begin to pretend; tucking a dolly into bed rather then suck on it.

The concrete operations stage lasts from about seven to about 11. The word operations refers to logical operations or principles we use when solving problems. In this stage, the child not only uses symbols representationally, but also can manipulate those symbols logically. But, at this point, they must still perform these operations within the context of concrete situations.

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