C F Braun Description of Ammonia Synthesis

A detailed Summary of C F Braun Description of Ammonia Synthesis

There are several processes to produce ammonia synthesis gas. The C F Braun (now may be referenced as Kellogg) process is one of the most current and acceptable processes due to the fact that the natural gas feed is less expensive than hydrogen generated from coke and water. This process has several stages of reaction and catalytic conversion that make it more presentable to industry, which are discussed in further detail. For the present time, the steam/air reforming concepts based on natural gas and other light hydrocarbons are considered to be the dominating group for ammonia synthesis.

The first stage of the process is a preliminary purification section, where impurities, primarily sulfur compounds, are removed from the gas stream. The desulfurization vessel contains a catalyst that hydrogenates organic sulfur to H2S,

which is then absorbed. The purpose of removing the sulfur is to increase the life span of the instruments down stream that may be sensitive to this particular compound.

The gas, along with steam, is then fed into the primary reformer. T

The gas stream exiting the reforming section contains too much carbon monoxide (CO), and is sent to shift reactors in order to convert the CO into carbon dioxide (CO2). The gas first enters a high-temperature shift reactor along with steam to speed up the reaction rate. The reaction that takes place is:

The small amounts of CO and CO2 remaining in the synthesis gas are bad for the ammonia synthesis catalyst and must be removed by conversion to methane (CH4) in the methanator, where the following reactions take place:

The equilibrium concentration favoring ammonia is at lower temperatures, but at lower temperatures a slow rate of reaction is observed. Therefore, two reactors are placed in parallel, and a recycle stream is introduced to help the single-pass conversion of approximately 25%. The ammonia that is formed is condenses and removed to an absorber, where the vaporized ammonia used as a refrigerant in the previous separator is recompressed to liquid ammonia. The gases that did not react are purged and sent back to the primary reformer.

The reforming is furnaced by fuel, and escapes fro

Some common words found in the essay are:
H20 CO2, N2 H2, H2O CO2, , H2S R-SH, N2 CO2, CO CO2, CO CH4, H20 CO, gas stream, synthesis gas, co +, co2 +, secondary reformer, reaction takes, flue gas, ch4 +, lower temperatures, + h2, gas stream sent, + h2o co2, co2 + h2, secondary reformer exothermic, -----> ch4 +,

Approximate Word count = 746
Approximate Pages = 3 (250 words per page double spaced)

Category: Science

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