In 1961, London lawyer Peter Benenson read about a group of students in Portugal who were arrested and jailed for raising a toast to freedom in a public restaurant. This incident prompted him to launch a one-year campaign called "Appeal for Amnesty 1961" in the London Observer.
The "Appeal for Amnesty" called for the release of all people imprisoned because of peaceful expression of their beliefs, politics, race, religion, colour, or national origin. Benenson called these people, "prisoners of conscience." His plan was to encourage people to write letters to government officials in countries, which had prisoners of
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