Advanced Reproductive Technology: Since the first 'test tube' baby was created more than twenty years ago, there have been hundreds of thousands of babies created using in vitro fertilization (IVF). Other advanced reproductive technologies include egg and sperm banks, frozen embryos and surrogate motherhood.

Cell and Chromosome Manipulation: During the previous ten years there have been huge advances in our knowledge of our cell structure. Our ability to transplant DNA has led to major developments in cloning. Our research into stem cells has made cures to life threatening disease within arms reach. If we can learn more about early cell development, then we can gain more control over a baby's development.

Genetics and Genomics: We are just beginning to understand how DNA affects humans during development. Being able to find one small genetic defect in a genome has been liked to trying to find a certain person whilst

Buddhist View- A Buddhist wishes everyone to be happy. I think a Buddhist would agree with 'designer babies' to a certain extent but when it comes down to choosing a baby's sex or physical traits, I think a Buddhist would draw the line. They like to keep things natural.

In recent years a technique called preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) has been used to screen embryos for different genetic conditions. These include Huntingdons's disease, cystic fibrosis, Down's syndrome, various cancers, early-onset Alzheimer's, sickle-cell disease, hemophilia, muscular dystrophy and Fanconi's anemia. Recently, some parents have used PGD to screen for embryos with a perfect tissue match with their existing child, which has a life-threatening disease. They would then use donor cells from the umbilical cord to treat the affected child. These procedures can only be assessed on a case-by-case basis because these diseases need different treatment e.g. It would be legal with Fanconi's anemia because it has a PGD test whereas it wouldn't be legal with leukemia because there isn't a PNG test for leukemia. The main objection to babies being conceived to give the existing child a better life, is that they use umbilical cord blood for treatment rather than the baby being a donor. Scientists believe that babies shouldn't be made for spare parts. Some scientists also believe it would be better to focus on creating cures rather than short-term solutions.

Economic pressu

Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Pages = 4 (250 words per page double spaced)