The government of many city-states, notably Athens, passed through four stages from the time of Homer to historical times. The oligarchic successors of the kings were the wealthy landowning nobles, the " eupatridae," or wellborn. However, the rivalry among these nobles and the discontent of the oppressed masses was so great that soon a third stage appeared. Not only did this lead to the next stage of tyranny but also showed the beginnings of discontent that could culminate in rebellion.
Between two and three centuries before this, the Athenian kings
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