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The Wolof People of Senegal

The Wolof people are located on the Coast of Senegal. Their native language is Wolof and their population is approximately 2.5 million. The Wolof people have been around since the 12th or 13th century. After the defeat of the Empire of Ghana around the 11th century, the Wolof people migrated to the coast from Mali. The history of the Wolof has been saved through the griots who recited oral praise songs.

The religion of the Wolof is predominately Muslim. This includes praying to Allah five times a day, volunteering and giving gifts to the needy, observance of Ramadan, and a trip to Mecca. Other beliefs of Wolof are that there are good and evil spirits. They believe that the evil spirits live in bushes and tall trees in the middle of the village and that amulets are capable of protecting them from the spirits.

Historically, Wolof were ruled by several powerful men who were from high ranking lineages based on the length of time that they resided in the area. The high ranking people elected a supreme leader. Local chiefs were appointed by the leader and paid their allegiance to him by maintaining order in the hinterlands and collecting taxes and tributes. The Wolof can be divided into three classes: the freeborn, those b


The freeborn are the royal lineages and great warrior families. They are the top level of society. These noble families usually engaged in wars to protect and expand their estates. Those born into slavery were the more ethnically diverse people who were taken in wars and raids. Some of these slaves were known as house slaves. They were given the family name and treated as junior members of the family. Other slaves were treated very harsh and were sold and traded at will. Until the late 19th century, Wolof rulers played a key part in the slave trade, directing slave raids and selling captured individuals from inland people to the Europeans on the coast. The artisans were people who live by their trade. This includes blacksmiths, leather workers, woodworkers, weavers, and griots.

The country's natural resources are phosphates, marble, basalt, sandstone, limestone, and iron ore. Among the major crops are peanuts, cotton, sugarcane, rice, beans, sweet potatoes, cassava, sorghum, and vegetables. Fishing and livestock-raising also contribute to Senegal's economy. The country has a wide variety of wildlife scattered across six different game parks. Iles de la Madeleine, Langue de Barbarie, and Djoudj National Parks in the south are homes to many species of birds, including great white pelicans, flamingos, and crowned cranes. There are also warthogs, golden jackals, monkey, buffalos, lions, leopards, and other animals.

In Senegal, marriage among those of the Muslim faith, which includes 94% of the population, usually follows traditional Islamic custom with an overlay of ethnic practices. It is an elaborate celebration. Although men marry at a somewhat later age, most women marry between the ages of 14-20 (20-30) in urban areas). Marriage is primarily an arrangement between two families and not between individuals, especially when it is a case of a second or third wide, although today in most of the country the couple to be wed is consulted and their wishes are respected. However, great importance is still placed on marrying within the social group.

The country of Senegal is a bit smaller than South Dakota. It is located at the western tip of Africa with its capital city being Dakar. Senegal is drained by three major rivers: the Senegal in the north and the Gambia and Casamance in the south. The land is mostly flat and covered with sandy soil. There are hills in the southeast and tall evergreen forests in the Casamance region. The climate can be described as dry and tropical with two distinct seasons. The dry season has temperatures ranging between 70 and 90 degrees which begins in November and ends in June. The rainy season has an annual rainfall of 12 inches in the north and 40 inches in the south. This runs between July and October.

The courtship begins with the offering

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Approximate Word count = 1901
Approximate Pages = 8 (250 words per page double spaced)


  

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