"...lest ignorance of them give occasion for error, and in order to lay difficulty concerning them, it should be said what 'essence' and 'being' mean (Aquinas 31-2)." This statement reflects the fact that essence is a complex theme, therefore, in order to understand the concept of essence, one must first know the definition of essence and also the definition of being. Since the definition of essence is not clearly stated, the only way to explain essence is to infer the meaning through the definition of being and through its relationship with complex and separated substances.
Being is defined in two senses, one being essence and the other being the truth of propositions. A substance has being in the second sense if "an affirmative proposition can be formed of it, even if it posits nothing in reality (Aquinas 31)." This means that if it is said that pigs can fly they can because it was said and because it was said, then it is true. Because being in the second sense applies to just about
existence, which they receive from above, but they are not limited
...intelligences are infinite with reference to things below and finite with references to what is above, for they are finite with respect to their
Essence is a form of being. It is defined through being and through its relationship with complex and separated substances. It must have both matter and form except in the case of separated substances such as God, the intelligences and the human soul.
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