Dante's Divine Comedy
In The Divine Comedy, Dante organizes both Heaven and Hell into several different divisions. Hell is broken down into nine levels, some with sublevels. Heaven, or Paradise, is separated into ten kingdoms. Each of these sections represents a lifestyle on Earth. The lifestyle in the afterlife is indirectly chosen in the mortal existence. In general, Paradise represents the ideal society functioning completely and pleasantly. In contrast, Hell corresponds to a society in which all its members act for their own benefits and against the common good. It is on this principle that Dante bases his separation of the levels of both Heaven and Hell. Dante places great emphasis on the selfishness of those in Hell. All the citizens of this society have failed to satisfy their responsibilities to either God or their own communities. They have even abused these responsibilities for their own purposes. For Dante, the worst kind of sin is that which is detrimental to society. This type of sin causes social disorder, which paves the way for many kinds of injustices. This injustice, based upon self-interest and disregard for society, generally characterizes Dante's Hell. In the first area of Hell that Dante visits, he learns th
seducers are whipped, assassins are buried alive upside-down, and the hypocrites wear lead hoods to name a few. All those who commit fraud abuse a gift of God in some form or another. The final circle of Hell is treachery. This, according to Dante, is by far the worst possible sin one can commit. The sinner breaks the connection and loyalty to his victim. It is the worst form of betrayal. Society is completely destroyed, for the sinner in this case has violated the most important social relation: one that is based on trust. These entities play out their eternity with an enormous impulse to betray even in Hell. In essence, the betrayers are betrayed by one another, and therefore suffer the sins they have committed in life. The next level of Hell is Limbo. These people are the morally good, yet they did not direct their actions toward God. Without acknowledging the existence of God, one cannot participate in the divine plan. Ironically, this is a place in Hell where society functions, but with the absence of God comes the absence of true happiness. While Hell is characterized by injustice, Heaven is a kingdom where justice reigns. According to Dante's plan of Paradise, one must live a life of virtue and faith to receive the light of God throughout eternity. Paradise is place in which all earthly affections are forgotten. All sensual pleasures are dismissed. The purpose of living is to enjoy life and contemplate God4. One is surrounded purely by love and beauty. The heavenly bodies are the seven spheres: the moon, Mercury, Venus, the sun, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Each heavenly body is reward for a certain virtue: faith, hope, love, prudence, fortitude, justice, and temperance, respectively. The remaining four realms of Heaven are the Fixed Stars, where earth is viewed in its entirety, viewed as insignificant and petty; the Empyrean, the sphere in which the purest forms of Faith,
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Approximate Word count = 1298
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page double spaced)
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