Types Of Verbal Deception
This study serves to attain a better understanding of deception types and the nature of verbal manipulation. In this report analysis of various research was used to come to a consensus on the different types of verbal deception and how they affect apparent message competence and manipulative qualities. Analysis confirms that the Information Manipulation Theory is the best indicator of deception types in Western Discourse. Through careful evaluation, evidence seems to suggest that manipulations of quality, quantity, relation, and manner all significantly influence perceived message competence and deceptiveness. The violation of quality was found to be the most deceptive.Two major avenues of study have risen in deception research. One looks at a persons ability to detect deceptive messages. The other inquires what makes up a deceptive message. While this article touches on both, it focuses on the latter issue. When looking at types of message deceit, this study sought to find what types of messages are involved in manipulation and what types of are perceived as being the most manipulative. Manipulation in communication is defined as messages intended to mislead receiver
Quality refers to the assumptions that the information being shared is not false. These messages involve the distortion of information or a complete fabrication. For example if a person had never visited Australia and told a person that they had this would be a quality violation. Manner refers to the way information is presented; messages should avoid ambiguity. Messages are not uninformative, distorted or irrelevant, they present information in an ambiguous way. An example is instead of saying "I have a date" a person instead might say, "I have plans" to be polite. Playings refer to deceptions that are meant for amusement. The words in this category include "joke," and "tease." The maxim of quality refers to the importance of the speaker making statements they believe to be true. If a speaker gets caught making false statements they lose credibility, or face. Therefore, the information being exchanged must be truthful. Masks refer to words that "describe activities that obscure (mask) another persons view of the truth"(Hopper 297). Word such as "hypocrisy," and "two-faced" are included in this category. To better understand the nature of deceptive words, Hopper et al. (1984) worked on types of deceptive words and broadening the definition of deception. The study looked at similarity judgments of forty-six deception-related terms. The terms were subjected to cluster analysis, which revealed six families of deception: fictions, playings, lies, crimes, masks, and unlies.
Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 2667
Approximate Pages = 11 (250 words per page double spaced)
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