Cities in the western world were expanding. This urbanisation needed a new approach to building. New technologies would have to be used offering cheaper and more efficient means of satisfying a larger population and a growing number of industrial clients. In the United States, the cities of Chicago and New York gave birth to some tall metal-framed buildings in the second half of the 19th century.

Louis Sullivan, one of the most prominent members of the 'Chicago School' of architects, quoted "form follows function", an important phrase for Modernists ever since. A few architects built astounding new skyscrapers, which would soon be a feature of cities across the world.

Although these skyscrapers were modern, they were not modernist (Le Corbusier criticised the American's lack of urban planning). European architects responded to the American's technological advances (including bridges and other building forms as well as skyscrapers) and it lead to the development of Modernism.

In the early twentieth century, technological adv

For women, face, figure, coiffure, posture and grooming became important fashion factors in addition to clothing. In particular, cosmetics became a major industry. Glamour was now an important fashion trend, due to the influence of the motion picture industry and the famous female movie stars.

Fashion changed dramatically in the first two decades of the 20th century. Fashion plates lost their static and conservative quality and, in the hands of modern artists, became avant-garde presentations of groundbreaking new styles.

The late 1920s saw the adoption of two-toned spectators for men, perfect with the popular knickers. In the 20s, men were still in a conservative mood. The wide trousers were still worn, sometimes as wide as 24 inches at the bottom. The knickers and 'plus fours' were popular with sporty types, and were buckled 4" below the knee. Light colors were in fashion for the summer, but darker and animal fur would be used when the weather got cold. By now all the college boys were wearing the popular raccoon coat, and some of the women were too.

The Gazette also featured designs for theatre costumes and book illustrations all in the modernist style. Vogel printed special editions to feature certain artists; this section features the set decoration and costume designs of Georges Barbier, a fashion artist who also illustrated Poiret's work, for a 1918 production of Casanova. The vividness and strength of these compositions correspond to the very best art of the period.

Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 2754
Approximate Pages = 11 (250 words per page double spaced)