Katmai Volcano

A detailed Summary of Katmai Volcano

The Katmai cluster is a 25-kilometer-long line of volcanoes along the Alaska Peninsula 450 kilometers southwest of Anchorage, including (from northeast to southwest) Snowy Mountain, Mount Griggs, Mount Katmai, Trident Volcano, Novarupta volcano, Mount Mageik, Mount Martin, and Alagogshak volcano. All but Alagogshak have erupted within the last 6,000 years, often explosively, to produce lava flows, domes, and widespread tephra deposits. No fewer than 15 eruptive episodes have originated from the Katmai cluster within the last 10,000 years, each lasting days to tens of years and all of which could have produced ash clouds.

Novarupta, a new vent in 1912, produced the world's largest eruption of the 20th century and sent ash around the globe. During that great eruption, nearby Mount Katmai collapsed, destroying its summit peaks and leaving behind a 2.5-kilometer-wide caldera, now filled with a 250-meter-deep lake. More recently, a new vent on Trident produced lava flows and ash plumes for at least 20 years, lasting from 1953 to 1974. Postglacial eruptions, vigorous fumaroles on Griggs, Trident, Mageik, and Martin, and continuing seismicity are good evidence of the potentially active state of the entire Katmai cluster. Any e

The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) operates a network of 19 seismometers to detect earthquakes around the Katmai cluster of volcanoes. Volcanic earthquakes, caused by movement of magma or hydro-thermal fluids beneath an edifice, are used to monitor the activity level of volcanoes, because most eruptions are typically preceded for hours to months by increased seismicity. In 1990, a five-station array of permanent benchmarks was installed around Novarupta. Pilots and hikers commonly provide AVO with observations that are used to direct further investigations of reported phenomena. Sightings of new steaming ground, increased fumarolic activity, and possible ash plumes all prompt further investigation by AVO personnel. If an eruption were imminent, AVO would provide explanations of likely events and impacts. A graduated color code explains the degrees of concern regarding the likelihood and consequences of an eruption. During heightened volcanic unrest and throughout and after any eruptive activity, AVO's role is to provide information to appropriate authorities and the general public about the nature and status of the eruption. Many channels are already established for distributing this information: FAX, telephone, electronic mail, television, and radio.

The volcanoes near Nova

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Category: Science

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