Down Syndrome

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A detailed Summary of Down Syndrome


One of the most common genetic defects is Down Syndrome. The story began is 1866, when a physician named John Langdon Down first described a set of children with common features who were distinct from other children, and had mental retardation. Although other people had previously recognized the characteristics of this syndrome, it was Down who first described the condition. At the beginning of his research, he referred to children diagnosed with Down Syndrome as "Mongoloids." Down based this name on his assumption that these children looked like people from Mongolia. This ethnic insult became an issue in the 1960s from Asian genetic researchers, and the term was dropped from scientific use. Instead, the condition became called "Down('s) syndrome."

Down Syndrome originates with a fault in the chromosomes. Chromosomes are thread-like structures composed of DNA and other proteins, on which genes are located. Genes, which are units of information, are encoded in the DNA. Human cells normally have 46 chromosomes which are arranged in 23 pairs; one from each parent. Of these 23 pairs, 22 are alike in males and females. The 23rd pair differ because they are the sex chromosomes (X and Y). Each member of a pair of chromo



· Dental problems in young children with the most common being delay of the teeth coming in, missing teeth, enamel defects and orthodontic problems

· Simian Crease - a single deep crease across the center of the palm



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Category: Science

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