Spain is located right below France on the Iberia

During this was the Cortes drew up a constitution for Spain. Under this constitution, the Roman Catholic Church would have less control, and it gave the people more control. King Ferdinand didn't like it, so he repealed it. But this led to several revolts, including in the new colonies. By 1825, Spain lost all of its claims to the new world except in a few islands. Ferdinand's daughter, Isabella II succeeded him in 1833. This lead to a separation between the Carlists, who wanted Don Carlos to be king, and those who supported the Queen. This resulted in Isabella being forced to leave the country. The army brought Isabella's son back into Spain in 1874 to be King Alfonso XII. He and his wife, Maria Cristina (coincidentally of Austria) ruled until His death in 1885. He died 6 months before his son, Alfonso XIII was born. Alfonso started his reign in 1902. He continued his reign until 1931.

This was also the year of the "new" Cortes constitution. That year the Cortes also elected Niceto Alcala Zamora as the first president of the republic, according to the World Book. But there were several who still wanted Spain to be a monarch. In the 1939's one of the worst wars in Spanish history started. It was the great Franco Civil War. This is still referred to the time period of darkness. This was when many of the opposition to Franco were forced to leave Spain, including Picasso. General Francisco Franco ruled the country as a dictator until 1975 when he died. During his rule he had formed one political party, and outlawed the rest. Spain then formed a democracy to replace Franco's dictatorship. In 1977 Spain held elections. In 1978 Spain adopted a new Constitution. Different regional rulers were elected to represent the regions in the capital. In 1986 Spain joined the European Community, in 1993 the EC was made into the European Union that we know today.

The rest of this century was filled with wars, mainly with Napoleon. At one point he made Schonbrunn his residence. Napoleon was finally defeated in 1815. During the Congress of Vienna, Prince Klemens von Metternich was minister of foreign affairs. The congress of Vienna was a series of meetings to arrange peace settlements. By 1867 Francis Joseph and the beloved Elisabeth "Sisi" were the Emperors of Austria. This was the year that Hungary forced them to form the dual Monarchy of Austria Hungary. Between the late 1800's and early 1900's several minority groups wanted to govern themselves. This led to several disruptions. In 1914 Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian, killed Archduke Francis Ferdinand. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. This was the start of World War I. Austria-Hungary was defeated by the Allies. On November 12, 1918 the last Hapsburg emperor was overthrown, and the country was now a republic. Many Austrians wanted to join Germany, but the Treaty of St.-Germain forbid that union. In-between the 2 world wars, Austria was ruled by two different rulers who ruled as dictators, and both opposed the Nazi party. But in 1938 the Nazi party captured Austria. Hitler then declared the union of Austria and Germany.

Because of the conquest by the Arabs, and Moors in the eighth century, there are still remnants of Arab, and Moorish culture today. One of the best places to look is at the Alhambra in Grenada. The architect, the gardens, and defense of this building are very typical of the Moors. It is one of the most interesting buildings in Spain. The Moors controlled Spain until the early 1000's when the country was divided into different states, and cities. The Christians started

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Approximate Word count = 2398
Approximate Pages = 10 (250 words per page double spaced)