Kant, Hume and Causality
David Hume (1711-1776) was a famous British philosopher who extended the empiricism of formerly philosophers like John Locke and developed a radical skepticism .He argued that every prediction about the unobserved is uncertain. And rejected the possibility of certain knowledge. According to his view all our knowledge is based on our sense expressions. We make inferences (deductions) from these sense expressions, but these inferences are a result of our habit.Although Immanuel Kant (1774-1804) maintained that, after he had read David Hume he woke from his dogmatic slumber and became a critical philosopher, he isn't of the opinion of Hume about the problem of Causality. He rejects the view that cause and effect relations are cognized through implicit or explicit inference from the past. On the contrary he argues that cognition of causal relations is in some sense a sine qua non of the possibility of experience and therefore the very concept cannot be extracted from perception. Throughout my paper I will try briefly to discuss the cause and effect relation according to views of both philosophers by explaining their thoughts and by comparing them with each other. David Hume maintained that there exits seven different kinds of ph
Kant argues that a substance is capable of alteration. The substance at one time is in one state and at another time is in a different state. The subsequent state is called an effect when the transition from its previous state is lawful. If the transition to the new state is a necessary consequence of the initial state of the substance, then it is lawful. The cause is the sum of the states necessary to bring about the effect. The action of the cause is called the causality of the cause. The passion of the effect, which is brought about by the cause, is the dependence of the effect. Kant argues that the category of cause and effect does not apply to things in themselves, but only to appearances. Kant calls the undetermined object of an empirical intuition appearance.* All change of appearance is alteration** There exist different relations among objects, which are essential for causality.
Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 1803
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page double spaced)
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