Paranoid
Schizoid personality disorder has a complicated past. It was originally conceptualized as the personality type associated with schizophrenia. However, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders states that schizoid personality disorder should not be diagnosed if the pattern of behavior occurs exclusively during the course of schizophrenia. But this does not mean that the two cannot co-occur. Schizoid personality disorder most often co-occurs with schizotypal, paranoid, and avoidance personality disorders. At the turn of the twentieth century, schizoid personality disorder was described as a trait-like variant of schizophrenia. Others described it as "shut-in personality," "schizoidie," and even as "autistic personality." The term schizoid was also used in broader terms to identify socially withdrawn patients who had great difficulty with intimacy and peculiar behavior now associated with schizotypal personality disorder. However schizoid personality disorder can be differentiated from other disorders. Schizoid personality disorder is different from schizotypal personality disorder in that schizotypal personality disorder lacks the cognitive and perceptual distortions that are associated with schizoid personality
personality disorder should not be pushed into participating more fully in the group therapy until he or she is ready and on their own terms. Group leaders must be careful to help protect the individual from criticism from other group members for their lack of participation. Eventually, if the therapy group can tolerate the initially silent member with this disorder, the individual may gradually participate more and more, although this process of involvement will be very slow and drawn out over months. There are many suggested treatment approaches one could make for schizoid personality disorder, but none of them are likely to be easily effective. As with all personality disorders, the treatment of choice is individual psychotherapy. However, people affected by schizoid personality disorder are unlikely to seek treatment unless they are under increased stress or pressure in their life. Treatment will usually be short-term in nature to help the individual solve the immediate crisis or problem. The patient will then likely terminate therapy. Goals of treatment most often are solution-focused using brief therapy approaches. The definition of schizoid personality disorder has varied greatly in the different editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. It was previously broadly defined, but now it is divided into three different categories: schizoid, avoidant and schizotypal personality disorders. Now the Manual defines schizoid personality disorder as a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings, which begins by early adulthood. This definition describes an important and essential feature of schizoid personality disorder. This is because the pattern of detachment from social settings and restricted range of expression of emotions lead to a lack of desire for intimacy and close relationships. This means that schizoid personalities usually do not have any close friends or confidants. The only people a schizoid personality will confide in is a first degree relative, as evidenced by the case study of Raymond A., who confided in his mother. However, schizoid personalities do not seem to get any satisfaction from being part of a social group such as a family. The diagnostic criteria for schizoid personality disorder offers a list of symptoms which the individual must have four or more of to be diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder. The list comprises of (1) a lack of desire and enjoyment of close relationships, including being part of a family, (2) an inclination for solitary activities, (3) little if any interest in sexual experiences with another person, (4) experiences pleasure in few, if any, activities, (5) lacks close friends or confidants other than first degree relatives, (6) appears indifferent to the praise or criticism of others, and (7) shows emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affectivity. Self-help methods are another form of treatment for schizoid personality disorder. But the medical profession for the treatment of schizoid personality disorder very often overlooks self-help because very few professionals are involved in them. The social network provided within a self-help support group can be a very important component of increased, higher life functioning and a decrease in an inability to function in the face of unexpected stress. A supportive and non-invasive group can help a person who suffers from schizoid personality disorder to overcome his or her fears of closeness and feelings of isolation. Many support groups exist within communities throughout the world that are devoted to helping individuals with schizoid personality disorder share their common experiences and feelings. Patients can be encouraged to try out new coping skills and learn that social attachments to others do not have to be ravaged by fear or rejection. They can be an important part of ex
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Approximate Word count = 2656
Approximate Pages = 11 (250 words per page double spaced)
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