An African-American born to slave parents, George Washington Carver innovated agricultural science. His work with agricultural products developed many uses for farm products. Carver began to experiment with peanuts. His research developed 325 products from peanuts. Carver developed several hundred industrial uses for sweet potatoes and soybeans. He developed a new type of cotton known as Carver's hybrid. His discoveries led southern farmers to raise other crops in addition to cotton. He also taught methods of soil improvement. Carver developed 108 applications for sweet potatoes and 75 products derived from pecans. Carver also discovered a rubber substitute and over 500 dyes and pigments, from 28 different plants. He invented a process for making paints and stains from soybeans.

Marie Curie was a Polish-born French chemist who worked with her husband Pierre Curie . The Curies studied radioactivity, building on the results of German physicist Wilhem Roentgen , who discovered X rays, and Henri

Mario Molina, a chemist born in Mexico City, contributed to the discovery that artificial substances called chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's) damage the protective ozone layer in the earth's upper atmosphere. Molina shared the 1995 Nobel Prize for chemistry with F. Sherwood Rowland of the United States and Paul Crutzen of the Netherlands, who identified different threats to the ozone layer. Molina and Rowland developed the CFC ozone depletion theory which states that CFC's rise into the ozone layer, where they are broken down by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight into chlorine, fluorine, and carbon atoms. The chlorine atoms contribute to the breakdown of ozone molecules into oxygen molecules. The chlorine atoms act as catalysts, promoting the reaction but not being used up by it. On average, each atom would assist in the breakdown of about 100,000 molecules of ozone.

James Harris, an African-American nuclear chemist, helped discover some elements. Harris worked at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory in the heavy isotope production division where the elements were discovered by bombarding atomic targets in an accelerator. The research team prepared target material and exposed the target to a bombardment stream for hundreds of hours with carbon atoms. Element 104 was detected. When nitrogen was used instead of carbon, element 105 was produced . Element 104 was named Rutherfordium and element 105 was

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