"Black Sparrow Hawk" was born in 1767 in the village of Saukenuk, in northwestern Illinois. At 15, he joined a raid against the Osage, one of his tribe's principal enemies. At this early age, he succeeded in becoming a Sauk warrior. Not long afterwards, "Black Sparrow Hawk", later to be called Black Hawk by whites, led an attack upon 100 Osages with only seven Sauk warriors. Black Hawk killed the enemy and escaped without losing a single one of his men. In this early period of his life, Black Hawk was already a prominent warrior.
Sauk and Meskawki leaders signed a treaty in 1804 that forfeited all their lands adjacent to the Mississippi River in both Illinois and Iowa. With most of the Sau
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