National Idea of the Early and Late 19th century
Nationalism as a radical idea of the early 19th century was destined to have an enormous influence in the modern world. In this ideology we find some points standing out, firstly nationalism has normally evolved from a real or imagined cultural unity supporting itself especially in a common language, history, and territory. Nationalists also have usually sought to turn this cultural unity into political reality and modern nationalism had its immediate impact in the French Revolution and the Napoleonic wars. This kind of movement emerged in the early nineteenth century. Though the restored order of Metternich which from 1815-1848 did suppress the revolutionary challenge, it nevertheless had to reconcile itself to some of the demands that had been made earlier and moderate constitutions were granted by most states. Post-revolutionary nationalism was the greatest threat to Metternich's restored order. The idea of national self-determination was repellent to Metternich. It not only threatened the existence of the aristocracy but also threatened to destroy the Austrian Empire and revolutionize central Europe.Between 1789 and 1848 nationalism in the form of republicanism was generally associated with liberalism and its hostility t
The nineteenth century was not only the age of the nationalism, it was also the age of romanticism. While both nationalism and romanticism were closely linked, they were quite separate in their concepts. Nationalism was above all a political idea that frequently looked at the future while romanticism was essentially a non-political movement that looked at the past. Romanticism laid great stress on the rediscovery of the past and, in its revolutionary form, it extolled notions of heroic self-assertion. However, it became increasingly associated in the course of the nineteenth century with the former idea than with the latter revolutionary form. From 1848 onwards, when liberal, or republican, nationalism failed to stage a successful revolution against the Old Order, nationalism became progressively less concerned with the original republican ideal. From 1848 nationalism discarded its earlier revolutionary form and became an instrument of capitalist modernization. Minimal constitutions had been granted and most states reconciled themselves with liberalism, which, in turn, reconciled itself with reactionary conservatism, thus giving birth to modern conservatism. Generally the idea of Europe was associated with the particularistic interests of one country. For the British, Europe was associated with France while for the French Europe signified something Teutonic. Between the Napoleonic Wars and the First World War Britain preferred to turn to its colonies and was largely uninterested in Europe. For the Germans in the other hand Europe was too closely associated with French aspirations. This was strongly voiced by Bismarck, who opposed the idea of a European order and held the idea of Europe to be one of the heresies of the age. For Metternich, Europe was an Austrian necessity. The British were the most opposed to the notion of Europe, which was referred to as "the Continent". In its "spl
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Approximate Word count = 1289
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page double spaced)
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