Many powerful and memorable women exist in Dickens' novels. Madame Defarge is one such woman

However, Pip is soon greatly disappointed by his "great expectations." Immediately after arriving in London, Pip realizes how imperfect the city is, specifically in the "dinginess" of his run-down lodgings. Pip is clearly disappointed by the "ugly, crooked, narrow and dirty" (Dickens 161) streets of London and the "dry rot and wet rot and all the silent rots that rot in the neglected roof and cellar" (Dickens 171) of his new lodgings. Despite this, Pip begins his life as a gentleman and finds comfort in his extravagant lifestyle and lavish spending. He also begins to accumulate large depressing debts through his foolish purchases, like "decorating his chambers in quite unnecessary and inappropriate ways" (Dickens 218). Once it is revealed that the benefactor of Pip's expectations is a convict, his dream of marrying a distinguished and high class woman is destroyed. This revelation completely changes his life, and when he returns home after his sister's death, he receives "a new insight into the truth of his position" (Collins 146). Pip is able to recognize the falsity in his life as a gentleman, so he must "atone for the evils of society that have corrupted him by relinquishing his unearned wealth" (Collins 138). In order to redeem himself, Pip abandons his snobbish and extravagant lifestyle. As this rebirth in Pip completes his maturity, he ultimately loses his dreams of wealth and social status. He even sorrowfully regrets his earlier snobbish treatment of Joe and Biddy. Appropriately, Pip becomes concerned with human qualities and relationships. His earlier disgust of his benefactor morphs into a new respect and gratitude for the convict. Pip's "repugnance of him had all melted away and he only saw a man who meant to be his benefactor, and who had felt affectionately, gratefully, and generously towards [him] with great constancy through a series of years" (Dickens 450). Pip only saw in him "a much better man than [he] had been to Joe" (Dickens 450). Pip's rebirth also allows him to finally reconcile with Joe and Biddy. They were "both melted" (Dickens 484) by Pip's request for forgiveness, and inform him that they have just been happily married. Pip is delighted for them and he also reveals his simple plan of living with his best friend. He maintains "a constant correspondence with Joe and Biddy" (Dickens 485) and works hard at his new business with his friend. Although it was not a great one, they did very well and were quite happy. Pip is finally entirely comfortable in his life. Through his rebirth he has realized the simple goodness and happiness in human relationships. As the world now lies "spread before him" (Dickens 487), Pip has matured and chosen the genuine goodness and happiness in a simple life, surrounded by those who love him. This rebirth and maturation in Pip is "a step toward the more hopeful outlook of Dickens' work" (Manning 197). Since Pip has been able to "escape" the evils of society that have corrupted him, his life has permanently changed for the better. It is through these very rebirths that Dickens leaves his readers with a sense of hope.

In all of Dickens' novels, his abiding sense of the world is expressed with a concreteness and symbolic intensity that he never surpasses. Whether he reveals his views and attitude toward oppression in society through characters of hate or characters of love and sacrifice, his message is always powerful. Rightly so, the compelling characters Dickens creates "have become personal friends to many readers through the years" (Fido 6). Dickens gives to us a warm, rich and full world, a world such as it is, full of the good and the bad, but always full of hope for the future.

Their triumph lies in the French Revolution, but it is merely a continu

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Approximate Word count = 2537
Approximate Pages = 10 (250 words per page double spaced)