Cardiovascular disease is pertaining to the heart and blood vessels and is a disorder of the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. If these are damaged or blocked, the oxygen to the heart muscle is reduced, the heart stops contracting, and the person has a heart attack. This can cause instant death, if a large part of the heart is affected, or if it is less serious the person may recover.
Most Cardiovascular heart disease usually starts with a build up of a fatty substance called cholesterol on the inside of the coronary vessels. This reduces the diameter of the vessels and therefore, the flow of blood to the heart muscle.
Angina is the name given to a tight pain felt in the chest that occurs when insufficient oxygen is being carried in the blood to the muscles of the heart. 'Stable' angina usually occurs when the demand for oxygen cannot be met during exertion. 'Unstable' angina can occur at any time,
When brain cells in the infarct die, they release chemicals that set off a chain reaction. This chain reaction endangers brain cells in a larger surrounding area of the brain for which the blood supply is compromised but not completely cut off. Without prompt medical treatment this larger area of brain cells, called the penumbra, will also die.
Heart attacks can cause a clot that blocks one of the coronary arteries (the blood vessels that bring blood and oxygen to heart muscle). The clot prevents blood and oxygen from reaching that area of the heart, leading to the death of heart cells in that area. Usually, this occurs in a coronary artery that has been narrowed from changes related to arteriosclerosis.
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