In his book Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics, Nye describes "soft power" as "the ability to get what you want from the attractiveness of a country's culture, political ideals, and policies." When America's policies are recognized as legitimate

The U.S. also publishes more books than any country, has twice as many music sales and 13 times as many Internet website hosts as second-placed Japan, ranks first in Nobel prizes for physics, chemistry and economics and second in literature after France, and publishes almost four times as many scientific and journal articles than Japan (34). Nye argues that these are the type of inducements that will make America the leader in the coming decades.

In addition to cultural and informational attractiveness, political values like democracy and human rights can be powerful means of attraction (55). Support for a country's foreign policy rests on having an approach, as the Norwegian author Geir Lundestad stated, "by invitation."

According to a number of surveys and polls conducted in the past couple of years, it appears that Nye's concerns about America's forceful foreign policy are correct. The U.S. has lost points in attractiveness with people in other nations due to the its involvement in the first Iraq war, growing influence in other countries, class issues and "lack of sophistication." Another negative is structural: The U.S. is disproportionately larger, which engenders admiration, envy and resentment. Similarly, many countries disdain America for its modernity.

Then, how does Nye believe America can appeal to others? What soft power does the U.S. have that can appeal to others? The U.S. has many resources besides military force that contribute to is reputation and attractiveness: It attracts almost six times the inflow of foreign immigrants than second-ranked German; it is the number-one exporter of films and TV programs; it enrolls 28 percent of the 1.6 million university students studying abroad; it boasted 86,000 foreign scholars in 2002.

Another trend is forming, as well. A public opinion poll by the University of Maryland's Program on International Policy Attitudes and Globescan of 23,000 people in 23 nations around the globe shows people in many countries would prefer that Europe become more influential than the U.S. in world affairs. Analysts say the results reflect resentment that America is the world's sole superpower and continued opposition to the conflict in Iraq. On average, across all countries polled, 58 percent favor Europe becoming more prominent than the U.S. in global affairs.

Although using force may sometimes be the answer, Nye does not believe that it is the correct way of proceeding in today's world of with high technology as well as with a terrorist ideology that has "well-defined political objectives, which were often ill-served by mass destruction" (22).

The dictionary defines power as "the capacit

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