Asian Americans, specifically the Japanese Americans, have undergone severe discrimination as a result of their immigration into the American culture. This has occurred through many instances of Japanese prejudice and stereotyping in the areas of immigration, hate crimes, education, and employment. Although Japanese Americans have been successful in establishing themselves into the American culture, they still remain victims of racist discrimination.

As the Japanese began migrating to the US mainland, they became victims of numerous accounts of racism from whites. This occurred between 1880s and the 1920s where over 250,000 Japanese migrated to the US. There were numerous reasons fueling the Japanese migration including those who came under labor contract as well as those who came on their own free will in hopes of gaining economic prosperity. Many immigrants were employed in various jobs ranging from mining to shop keeping. (F&F p.383) This increase in migration of the Japanese into the American labor force laid the foundation for the basis of discrimination towards the Japanese.

Although many employers favored the idea of Japanese contract labor, many la

Aside from political victories Japanese Americans have been successful in employment gains. A study found that in 1990, Japanese Americans were more likely to have managerial or professional jobs than white counterparts (33 percent, compared with 30 percent for women; and 40 percent, compared with 27 percent, for men). (F&F p.398) The study also revealed that 29 percent of Japanese Americans held blue collar jobs compared to 38 percent of whites. Japanese American's unemployment rate was also half that of whites and less than half that of all Asian Americans as a whole. (F&F p.399)

In addition to the educational, and institutional discrimination, Japanese Americans have long been victims of hate crimes and acts of violence. A number of these acts were fueled by white fears concerning Japanese invasion as a result of the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Japanese Americans quickly became victims of Americans aggression towards the Japanese and the war itself. Japanese citizens were illegally arrested and detained by police, evicted by landlords, and fired by employers. (F&F p.389) Violent attacks escalated throughout World War II. As a result of these fears, many Japanese Americans were detained in barbed-wire concentration camps, forced to sell their businesses, and leave their homes. Although some may argue that this occurred as a result of war concerns, one the of the driving factors behind this action was the heavy business competition presented by Japanese Americans.

Public leaders, such as James Phelan US Senator from California, have also influenced this stereotyping. Phelans argued that Japanese Americans are a great threat to the "future of the white race, American institutions, and western civilization." (F&F p.385) Once again, this shows that Japanese Americans are perceived to be threats to America. The irony behind these racist statements is that Japanese Americans have had a positive influence on the nature of the US economy. Overall, these stereotypes have been the direct cause of discrimination towards Japanese Americans. Despite these stereotypes and racist perspect

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