Transcontinental Railroad- Railroad spanning North American continent; completed in 1869.

             Thomas Edison- Inventor; developed the light bulb, phonograph, and hundreds of other inventions in the late 1800s and early 1900s.

             B. Alexander Graham Bell- Inventor; developed the telephone in 1876; one founder of AT&T.

             C. Brooklyn Bridge- Bridge completed in 1883 that connects Manhattan to Brooklyn.

             3. There were many new inventions and new financial backing.

             4. It made possible the refrigeration of foods, reducing food spoilage and need for icehouses.

             5. It allowed people to communicate long distance and then get there.

             Section 2.

             .

             1. A. Social Darwinism- Application of Charles Darwin"s "survival of the fittest" theory to human society.

             B. Monopoly- Control of a commodity or service extending to the elimination of competition and fixing prices.

             2. Andrew Carnegie- Industrialist who made a fortune in steel in the late 1800s through vertical consolidation.

             3. Inventors needed to build great factories to mass-produce their products.

             4. So the group of businesses could help each other out by not breaking the laws.

             5. Horizontal means bringing businesses together, and vertical is where one company gains control over another.

             Section 3.

             1. Piecework- Work paid according to the number of finished units the worker produces.

             2. Most came in search of jobs in the factories.

             3. They weren"t making much money and the conditions were so harsh.

             4. They developed time-and-motion studies for the workers.

             Section 4.

             1. A. Socialism- The economic and political philosophy that advocates collective ownership of factories and property.

             B. Scab- Slang for a person hired to replace a striking worker.

             C. Anarchist- Political radical who opposes all government because it limits individual liberty and serves wealthy, ruling classes.

             D. Collective Bargaining- Negotiation between employers and workers, usually through a labor union.

             E. Pullman Strike- Strike of factory workers in the 1800s.