Development

A detailed Summary of Development

1.) There are 4 types of development. Physical development covers the learning of the ability to walk. It also encompasses all muscle development, and the idea that the person generally becomes more physically efficient over time.

Cognitive development deals with the development of a way to think. For example, an infant tends to over generalize information. If he sees an animal and is told that it is a dog, any furry animal with 4 legs and a tale will be considered a dog. As cognitive development progresses, a person learns to be specific. We also build a sense of problem solving.

Personal development refers to the changes in an individual's personality. As time progresses, and people learn new information, they develop their own opinions. Fact becomes their own knowledge and not just what their parent's tell them.

Social development is the maturing of a person's ability to socialize. They build up ways to relate to others. They find ways to make friends or to accomplish group goals. For example, children meeting at a playground, and becoming "best friends".

These types of development are governed by certain principles, which are a

2. A scheme is a term keyed by Piaget, to define the categories on which we place information. They are the building blocks of information. We have a scheme for basically everything, from driving a car to identifying a cat. The number of schemes grows in time. They allow us to organize information into very specific categories, almost like a term paper outline, with main topics and subdivisions of the concept.

The second stage is titled the "pre operational" stage. This time period(2-5) includes to start of understanding language, and truly linking operations logically. They begin to utilize symbols or miming, to signify certain events. This is a major accomplishment at this stage.

According to Piaget, the development of information, through organization, assimilating, etc. is similar to a "balancing act". If an existing scheme appears applicable to a situation, and it works, a person is comfortable, or in equilibrium.

Assimilation is a term referring to our natural tendency to fit new knowledge into what we already know. A child may have been told that an animal is a horse. However, upon seeing a giraffe the child may classify it as a horse. The scheme for a giraffe hadn't been developed, so he assimilated it to what he knew. As the skill of assimilation grows, adapting to situations becomes easier.

The third stage is the concrete operational stage. Here the child is able to problem solve. They are able to classify things, like having a group of objects, and picking out the round ones. Seriation is the ability to arrange items from large to small. This also means that the

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Category: Science